How To Clean Rust Off Cut Steel Beads

Cutting steel jewellery is a class of jewellery composed of steel that was popular between the 18th century and the end of the 1930s.^{[ane] [2]}

Design [edit]

The back of a cut steel button

The bones pattern of cut steel jewellery is a sparse metallic baseplate onto which closely placed steel studs were riveted or scewed.^{[3] [4]} The baseplate could exist made from various metals such as brass, tin or silverish alloys.^[iii] Early on cut steel consisted of private steel studs that had been polished and inserted into metallic frames.^[ane] More than complicated designs used multiple baseplates held together by small bits of metal.^[three] In the early 19th century the manufacturing process shifted towards using stamped strips in place of individual steel studs.^[1] The idea backside the design was that the polished steel faces would catch the light and sparkle in a like mode to the then highly fashionable diamonds.^[3]

The studs were made by forming them from steel and giving them a partial polish before case-hardening and giving them a final smooth.^[4] Aside from the studs some items of cut steel jewellery used highly polished steel bondage in their blueprint.^[3]

Cut steel was combined with precious and semi precious materials such as jet and pearls.^[five] Alternatively plaques of Jasperware and Bilston enamel feature in some designs.^[5] Plaques from further afield also announced to take been used with some appearing to come from Italian republic and Switzerland.^[5]

History [edit]

It has been suggested that cut steel jewellery dates dorsum as far as the 16th century.^[2] This is based on a unmarried reference from 1598 and it is far from clear if it is talking nigh steel at all.^[ii] Less ambiguous evidence shows that from around 1720 cut steel was manufactured in Woodstock, Oxfordshire.^[2] Exactly what was manufactured is poorly documented but by 1761 information technology included worn items such as buckles and watch chains as well equally scissors.^[2] Exactly when purely decorative items get-go appeared is too unclear but "Stars for the nobility" are attested from 1778.^[2] Production in Birmingham became common latter in the century with Matthew Boulton being a prominent producer.^[6] The move away from Woodstock produced a switch from screwed studs to riveted studs.^[4] While the latter arroyo was cheaper it meant the jewellery could no longer exist fully disassembled for cleaning.^[4] Ane of the major production items of 18th century cut steel was the shoe buckle and it is possible that the pass up in the fashion for wearing buckles towards the finish of the century drove the diversification of cut steel jewellery.^[7]

French republic served as a major export market merely this was interrupted when war broke out 1793.^[8] The popularity of cutting steel in France may in part take been due to sumptuary laws which limited who could wear precious metals and diamonds.^[9] Manufacture of cut steel inside France is attested from 1780 and past the start of the 1820s French republic had a large amount of domestic production of cut steel.^[viii] With the end of the Napoleonic wars British produces again started exporting to French republic.^[8] The manner for cut steel jewellery in French republic was probably given a boost when Napoleon married his second married woman Marie Louise and presented her with a parure consisting of cut steel jewellery every bit he was unable to afford one fabricated with gemstones.^[10]

The quality and utilize of cutting steel jewellery declined throughout the 2nd half of the 19th century with stamped strips replacing individual rivets and pieces becoming increasingly flimsy,^[x] the final production ending in the 1930s.^[1]

Over the long term cut steel jewellery has proven brittle resulting in relatively small amounts surviving to the present mean solar day.^[1] Collections of cut steel jewellery are held by a number of museums including Lady Lever Art Gallery^[eleven] Birmingham Museums Trust^[12] and Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen.^[13] Matthew Bolton's design book has likewise survived in the collection of Birmingham Archives and Heritage.^[4]

A pair of slightly rusty cut steel studs

Run into also [edit]

• Berlin Iron Jewellery
• Marcasite jewellery
• The Swedish Royal Family unit'due south jewelry

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Hesse, Rayner W. (2007). Jewelrymaking Through History: An Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 64–66. ISBN0313335079.
2. ^ ^{a b c d due east f} Clifford, Anne (1971). Cut-Steel and Berlin Iron Jewellery. Adams & Dart. pp. thirteen–14. ISBN9780239000699.
3. ^ ^{a b c d e} Clifford, Anne (1971). Cutting-Steel and Berlin Atomic number 26 Jewellery. Adams & Dart. pp. 16–18. ISBN9780239000699.
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} Clifford, Helen (2011). "English language ingenuity, French simulated and Spanish desire. The intriguing case of cut steel jewellery from Woodstock, Birmingham and Wolverhampton c.1700-c.1800". L'acier en Europe avant Bessemer. Presses universitaires du Midi. pp. 481–493. ISBN9782810709793.
5. ^ ^{a b c} Clifford, Anne (1971). Cutting-Steel and Berlin Iron Jewellery. Adams & Dart. pp. 21–22. ISBN9780239000699.
6. ^ Bong, Jeanenne (2004). Collecting Victorian Jewelry: Identification and Cost Guide. Krause Publications. pp. 17–18. ISBN0873496736.
7. ^ Clifford, Anne (1971). Cut-Steel and Berlin Iron Jewellery. Adams & Dart. p. 19. ISBN9780239000699.
8. ^ ^{a b c} Clifford, Anne (1971). Cut-Steel and Berlin Iron Jewellery. Adams & Dart. pp. 23–24. ISBN9780239000699.
9. ^ Hoskin, Dawn (eight September 2022). "The Brown Adjust: Coup de Bouton!". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
10. ^ ^{a b} Clifford, Anne (1971). Cut-Steel and Berlin Iron Jewellery. Adams & Sprint. p. 25. ISBN9780239000699.
11. ^ Clifford, Anne (1971). Cut-Steel and Berlin Fe Jewellery. Adams & Dart. p. 58. ISBN9780239000699.
12. ^ Clifford, Anne (1971). Cut-Steel and Berlin Iron Jewellery. Adams & Dart. p. 48. ISBN9780239000699.
13. ^ Clifford, Anne (1971). Cut-Steel and Berlin Fe Jewellery. Adams & Dart. p. twoscore. ISBN9780239000699.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut_steel_jewellery

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